Structure and Applications of API 5L X65 (L450) High-Grade Line Pipe Steel

API 5L X65 (L450) is a high-grade line pipe steel with 450 MPa yield strength, used in global high-pressure oil and gas systems.

X65 combines high strength, excellent toughness, corrosion resistance, and crack resistance, making it suitable for harsh environments.

Its chemical composition involves low carbon and microalloying with Nb, V, Ti, and Mo to refine grain and enhance strength. Low sulfur and phosphorus ensure superior weldability.

X65 is supplied mainly in TMCP, controlled-rolled, or normalized states. TMCP improves toughness and enables large-diameter welded pipes.

X65 applications include international crude oil pipelines, offshore systems, corrosive-area pipelines, and major city energy networks.

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